常用的 yum 指令
安装(比如:mysql
):
# -y 表示:针对安装过程中的提问,默认 yes
# mysql 表示:要安装的库名,也有可能其他形式的名称:mysql-community-server
yum [-y] install mysql
搜索当前库(比如:mysql
):
yum search mysql
搜索潜在的库(比如:mysql
):
yum repolist all | grep mysql
结果:
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 95
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community enabled: 84
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Sourc disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server disabled
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server enabled: 327
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server disabled
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - disabled
切换默认安装的库(比如:mysql
):
当前默认安装的是 8.0 版本,切换到 5.7 版本。
yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
yum-config-manager
包含在 yum 扩展包内,默认情况下,是未安装的。
执行以下指令安装:
yum -y install yum-utils
附:mysql 5.7 安装后的默认操作
启动、关闭、查看状态:service mysqld start\stop\status
基于EL7的平台,操作指令由 service
改成了 systemctl
,如下:systemctl start\stop\status mysqld.service
初次启动 mysql 5.7 回执行以下操作:
- 初始化 mysql 服务器
- 在数据文件夹下生成 SSL 证书和秘钥文件
- 安装并启用插件 validate_password plugin
- mysql 5.7 在创建超级用户
root@localhost
后,创建的密码放在错误日志里。
获取密码:
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
尽快用生成的临时密码登录,并设置一个新的密码,以完成密码修改。
mysql -uroot -p
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
默认安装的 validate_password 插件会要求密码至少包含一个大写字母,一个小写字母,一个数字和一个特殊字符,并且完整的密码至少 8 位。